Enhancing Operational Performance Index Using the Theory of Constraints: A Case Study at PT XYZ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34149/jebmes.v5i1.183Keywords:
Inventory turnover, operational performance index, productivity, theory of constraints, throughputAbstract
Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, car sales in Indonesia have declined, affecting PT XYZ, a subsidiary of a major automotive company specializing in pre-owned vehicle sales. This study aims to develop a strategy for identifying profitable and fast-selling car types using the Theory of Constraints approach. This applied research employs a mixed-method, including both qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative approach involves interviews with three key informants, while the quantitative method uses the Theory of Constraints to assess operational performance through inventory turnover and productivity. A Chi-Square test is also conducted to examine the relationship between these two factors. The study's findings indicate a relationship between inventory turnover and productivity. This suggests that changes in one factor can impact the other, influencing PT XYZ's operational strategies to enhance efficiency and profitability in used car sales. Therefore, the company should consider this relationship when making decisions, including vehicle purchasing and refurbishment planning, to optimize sales performance.
References
Alnaim, M.; Kouaib, A. (2023). Inventory turnover and firm profitability: A Saudi Arabian investigation. Processes 2023, 11, 716. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11030716.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2025). Tren penurunan penjualan mobil baru dan menyusutnya kelas menengah. Retrieved February 2025.https://www.hetanews.com/article/296158/tren-penurunan-penjualan-mobil-baru-dan-menyusutnya-kelas-menengah.
Bisnis.com. (2017). Menperin: Indonesia sudah masuk negara industri. Retrieved May 19, 2025, from https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20171126/257/712859/menperin-indonesia-sudah-masuk-negara-industri.
Bob Feinberg, & Maurizio Zanardi. (2022). Analysis of the influence of operational costs on increasing the financial performance of American public helath corporation. Medalion Journal: Medical Research, Nursing, Health and Midwife Participation, 3(2), 44–57. https://doi.org/10.59733/medalion.v3i2.18.
Bondarenko, V., & Vyshnivska, B. (2023). Promotional marketing as a method of increasing sales. Three Seas Economic Journal, 4(2), 21-28. https://doi.org/10.30525/2661-5150/2023-2-3.
Chambers, R. G. (1996). A new look at exact input, output, productivity, and technical change measurement. Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Maryland, Working Paper No. 96-05.
Chopra, S. (2018). Supply chain management: strategy, planning, and operation, enhanced, global edition (7th ed.). Pearson International Content. https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/books/9781292257914.
Dutta, S. (2023). The theory of constraints: A framework for enhancing efficiency and promoting growth. American International Journal of Business Management, 6(12), 36–44. https://www.aijbm.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/E6123644.pdf.
Gaikindo. (2021). Menperin: Industri otomotif berkontribusi besar untuk ekonomi nasional. Retrieved May 18, 2025, from https://www.gaikindo.or.id/menperin-industri-otomotif-berkontribusi-besar-untuk-ekonomi-nasional/
Gołaś Z. (2020): Effect of inventory management on profitability: evidence from the Polish food industry: Case study: Agric. Econ. – Czech, 66: 234–242.
Goldratt, E. M., & Cox, J. (1986). The goal: a process of ongoing improvement. Rev. ed. North River Press.
Kurniawanto, Eko. (2016). Sistem informasi penjualan motor pada dealer MPM motor Nganjuk berbasis web. Thesis. Universitas Nusantara PGRI Kediri.
Kwak, J. K. (2019). Analysis of inventory turnover as a performance measure in manufacturing industry. Processes, 7(10), 760. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7100760.
Lin, Y., Wang, J. and Shi, Y. (2022). The impact of inventory productivity on new venture survival, International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Vol. 71 No. 5, pp. 1972-1988. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-10-2019-0479.
Maverick, J. B. (2024). Key financial ratios to analyze the auto industry. Investopedia. Retrieved May 9, 2025, from https://www.investopedia.com/articles/active-trading/082015/key-financial-ratios-analyze-automotive-industry.asp.
McKinsey & Company. (2024). Boosting auto sales productivity: A playbook for excellence. Retrieved May 9, 2025, from https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/boosting-auto-sales-productivity-a-playbook-for-excellence.
Nasir, Abdul & Ahmad, Adeel & Barkat, Waseem. (2017). Operational performance and financial performance of Malaysia Airlines. Paradigms. 11. 34-40. 10.24312/paradigms110106.
Oktapiadi, R., Komariah, K., & Jhoansyah, D. (2019). Analisis inventory turn over dalam meningkatkan profitabilitas pada Matahari Department Store Tbk. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 20(2), 62-71. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/ekobis.20.2.62-71.
Otuya Sunday, and Eginiwin E. Joseph. (2017). Inventory management and SMEs Profitability. A study of furniture manufacturing, wholesale and eatery industry in Delta State, Nigeria. Journal of Finance and Accounting, vol. 5, no. 3 (2017): 75-79. doi: 10.12691/jfa-5-3-1.
Roger G. Schroeder, Susan Meyer Goldstein & M. Johnny Rungtusanatham. (2021). Operations management in the supply chain. International 8th Edition. McGraw-Hill
Russell, R. S., & Taylor, B. W. (2023). Operations and supply chain management (11th ed.). Wiley Global Education US. https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/books/9781119905622.
Schroder, Gay Odekerken (2003). Consumers trade off between relationship, service package and price. European Journal of Marketing, Vol 37, No. ½.
Sekaran, U. & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for Business. Chichester:John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 7 th edition.
Setyowati, L. (2024). How operating expense and revenue budgets influence financial performance: An analysis through return on assets. Inventory: Jurnal Akuntansi, 8(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.25273/inventory.v9i1.22250.
Shardeo, V. (2015). Impact of inventory management on the financial performance of the firm. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 17(4), 1-12.
Sugiyono (2017). Metode penelitian kuantitatif kualitatif dan R & B. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Susilawati, Emi. (2015). Pengaruh biaya promosi terhadap tingkat penjualan pada dealer Putra Rama Jaya Honda Kota Ponorogo. Equilibrium, Volume 3, Nomor 2, Juli.
Viva.co.id. (2024). Indonesia Automotive Outlook 2025: Optimism for recovery amid challenges. https://www.viva.co.id/asset-viva/responsive-web/pdf/Indonesia%20Automotive%20Outlook%202025%20English.pdf?v=2.90.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Emerging Business Management and Entrepreneurship Studies

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
License and Copyright Agreement
In submitting the manuscript to the journal, the authors certify that:
- They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
- The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal.
- That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
- That its publication has been approved by all the author(s) and by the responsible authorities tacitly or explicitly of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
- They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
- They agree to the following license and copyright agreement.